DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
June 8, 2010 at 4:20 am 15 comments
There are two ways to express what someone is saying, namely: (direct) and indirect (indirect / reported).
In the sentence immediately, we repeat the speaker's utterance (speaker) exactly the same. Direct sentence is usually used in conversation in the book, drama, or in parentheses.
Example:
He said, 'I have lost my umbrella.'
Sentence (direct) has two parts, namely: reporting sentence and sentence reported. Reporting is a clause that contains the sentence who is speaking, while the reported sentence is a clause that contains what was said.
Example:
Mike said, "I will come to your house."
reporting reported
Meanwhile, the sentence (indirect), we express the speaker's words mean that are not exactly the same expression.
Example:
He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.
SENTENCE OF CHANGES IN DIRECT (DIRECT) TO INDIRECT (INDIRECT)
A. Sentence statement (statement) in the sentence (indirect)
Direct to indirect changes in the statement marked with 'that'.
Sentence sentence reporting directly to its own verb in the present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect or future tense) then there is no change in the reported sentence tenses in the form of (indirect). This usually occurs when:
A. Reported an ongoing conversation
2. Read the letter and report on what the content of the letter
3. Read command and report immediately at the
4. Reported statement that often appears
Example:
Direct
• John (phoning from the station), "I'm Trying to get a taxi."
• Siska says, "The Sun Rises every morning."
Indirect
• That John says he is Trying to get a taxi.
• Siska Says That Rises the sun every morning.
However, the indirect sentence usually begins with a verb past tense (past tense). At this, the verb in the sentence should be replaced with the reported down one level. Changes tenses can be seen in the table are below.
sumber:http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/direct-dan-indirect-speech/
Sabtu, 24 Maret 2012
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
March 27th, 2011 • Related • Filed Under
Adverb clause
Adverbial clause is a clause (the clause) that functions as an adverb, which describes kerja.Adverbial said clause is usually classified according to the "meaning / intent" of the conjunction (conjunctions which preceded it). Adverbial clause types are: 1. TimeClause Clause of the show time. Usually made by using the conjunction (connecting word) such as after, before, no Sooner, while, as, dll.Contoh:
Shut the door before you go out.
You may begin when (ever) you are ready.
While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
No Sooner than he had Entered she gave an order.
2. PlaceClause Clause of the show places. Usually made by using the conjunction as where, nowhere, anywhere, Wherever, dll.Contoh:
They sat down Wherever They Could find empty seats
The guard Stood where he was positioned.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is poverty, there we find Discontent and Unrest.
Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession) clause that indicates the existence of a conflict between two events or events that are related. Usually made by using the conjunction (connecting word) such as although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.Contoh:
As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. MannerClause Clause of the show cars how a job is done or event occurs. Usually made by using the conjunction (connecting word) such as, how, like, in that, dll.Contoh:
He did as I told him.
You may finish it how you like.
They may beat us again, like They did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and intent ResultClause showing the relationship / objectives and outcomes. Usually made by using conjunctions such as (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, etc.
. Example:
They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
She bought a book so (that) Could she learn English
He is saving his money so That he may take a long vacation.
I am working night and day in the hope that i can finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and EffectClause that shows cause and effect relationships. There are some patterns to form this type of clause. Look carefully at baik.Contoh:
Ryan ran so fast That he broke the previous speed record.
It was so cold yesterday that i did not want to swim.
The soup tastes so good That everyone will ask for more.
The student had behaved so badly That he was dismissed from the class.
Example:
The Smiths had so many children That They formed Their Own baseball team.
I had so few job offers That It was not difficult, to select one.
Example:
He has invested so much money in the project That he can not abandon it now.
The grass received so little water That it turned brown in the heat.
Example:
It was a hot day Such That We Decided to stay indoors. OR It was so hot a day That We Decided to stay indoors.
It was an interesting book Such That he could not put it down. OR It was so interesting a book That he could not put it down.
Example:
She has Such exceptional Abilities That everyone is jealous of her.
They are Such beautiful pictures That everybody will want one.
Such Perry has had bad luck That he's Decided not to gamble.
Such difficult, this is homework that i will never finish it.
In addition, to reveal the cause and effect relationships (cause and effect) can be used another pattern, namely: 1. Using preposition (preposition) like Because of, due to, due to the fact that, dllContoh:
Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (= We stayed home Because of the cold weather)
Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (= We stayed home due to the cold weather)
Due to the fact That the weather was cold, we stayed home. (= We stayed home due to the fact That the weather was cold)
2. Using conjunctions (conjunction) as Because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch asContoh:
Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
Since he's not interested in classical music, he Decided not to go to the concert.
As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
Inasmuch as the two government leaders reach an agreement Could not, the possibilities for peace are still remote.
3. Use transition words such as therefore, consequently. Example:
Alex failed the test Because he did not study.
Alex did not study. Therefore, he failed the test.
Alex did not study. Consequently, he failed the test.
reference: http://ismailmidi.com/berita-89-adverb-clause.html
March 27th, 2011 • Related • Filed Under
Adverb clause
Adverbial clause is a clause (the clause) that functions as an adverb, which describes kerja.Adverbial said clause is usually classified according to the "meaning / intent" of the conjunction (conjunctions which preceded it). Adverbial clause types are: 1. TimeClause Clause of the show time. Usually made by using the conjunction (connecting word) such as after, before, no Sooner, while, as, dll.Contoh:
Shut the door before you go out.
You may begin when (ever) you are ready.
While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
No Sooner than he had Entered she gave an order.
2. PlaceClause Clause of the show places. Usually made by using the conjunction as where, nowhere, anywhere, Wherever, dll.Contoh:
They sat down Wherever They Could find empty seats
The guard Stood where he was positioned.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is poverty, there we find Discontent and Unrest.
Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession) clause that indicates the existence of a conflict between two events or events that are related. Usually made by using the conjunction (connecting word) such as although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.Contoh:
As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. MannerClause Clause of the show cars how a job is done or event occurs. Usually made by using the conjunction (connecting word) such as, how, like, in that, dll.Contoh:
He did as I told him.
You may finish it how you like.
They may beat us again, like They did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and intent ResultClause showing the relationship / objectives and outcomes. Usually made by using conjunctions such as (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, etc.
. Example:
They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
She bought a book so (that) Could she learn English
He is saving his money so That he may take a long vacation.
I am working night and day in the hope that i can finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and EffectClause that shows cause and effect relationships. There are some patterns to form this type of clause. Look carefully at baik.Contoh:
Ryan ran so fast That he broke the previous speed record.
It was so cold yesterday that i did not want to swim.
The soup tastes so good That everyone will ask for more.
The student had behaved so badly That he was dismissed from the class.
Example:
The Smiths had so many children That They formed Their Own baseball team.
I had so few job offers That It was not difficult, to select one.
Example:
He has invested so much money in the project That he can not abandon it now.
The grass received so little water That it turned brown in the heat.
Example:
It was a hot day Such That We Decided to stay indoors. OR It was so hot a day That We Decided to stay indoors.
It was an interesting book Such That he could not put it down. OR It was so interesting a book That he could not put it down.
Example:
She has Such exceptional Abilities That everyone is jealous of her.
They are Such beautiful pictures That everybody will want one.
Such Perry has had bad luck That he's Decided not to gamble.
Such difficult, this is homework that i will never finish it.
In addition, to reveal the cause and effect relationships (cause and effect) can be used another pattern, namely: 1. Using preposition (preposition) like Because of, due to, due to the fact that, dllContoh:
Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (= We stayed home Because of the cold weather)
Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (= We stayed home due to the cold weather)
Due to the fact That the weather was cold, we stayed home. (= We stayed home due to the fact That the weather was cold)
2. Using conjunctions (conjunction) as Because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch asContoh:
Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
Since he's not interested in classical music, he Decided not to go to the concert.
As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
Inasmuch as the two government leaders reach an agreement Could not, the possibilities for peace are still remote.
3. Use transition words such as therefore, consequently. Example:
Alex failed the test Because he did not study.
Alex did not study. Therefore, he failed the test.
Alex did not study. Consequently, he failed the test.
reference: http://ismailmidi.com/berita-89-adverb-clause.html
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